Table 7.8 Lifestyle Interventions for the Management of Sleep Disorders Post ABI

Author Year Country Study Design Sample Size	Methods	Outcome
Stubberud et al. (2017) Norway Pre-Post N=8	Population: ABI (Injury Etiology: TBI=3, Cerebrovascular Insults=5); Mean Age=41.6yr; Gender: Male=3, Female=5; Mean Time Post Injury=40.1mo. Intervention: Participants underwent 36hr of programming over 1mo. The program included 3 modules covering lifestyle factors and adaptive coping strategies, goal management training (GMT), and emotional regulation. Patients were assessed at baseline, posttest, and 3 and 6mo follow-up. Outcome Measure: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS), Conners Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II).	1. ESS scores were significantly improved at 3 mo (p=0.042) and 9 mo (p=0.024) follow-up. 2. No significant changes in ISI, were reported.