Van Haren et al. (2013)

USA

RCT

PEDro=6

N=35

Population: TBI; Vasopressin (n=42): Mean Age=40 yr; Gender: Male=34, Female=6; Mean Time Post Injury=16 hr; GCS Severity: Severe=71%. Catecholamine (n=54): Mean Age=38 yr; Gender: Male=44, Female=10; Mean Time Post Injury=56 hr; GCS Severity: Severe=87%.

Intervention: Participants were randomized to receive vasopressin (1.2 U/hr, increased to a maximum of 4 U/hr) or catecholamine.

Outcome Measures: Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP), Length of Stay (LOS), Mortality.

1.        There was no significant difference between groups in improvements to ICP monitoring (p=0.695), CPP minimum (p=0.642), CPP<60 mmHg duration (p=0.365), ICP maximum (p=0.091), or ICP>20mmHg duration (p=0.095).

2.        There was no significant difference between groups in LOS in ICU (p=0.747) or hospital (p=0.230).

3.        There was no significant difference between groups in mortality (p=0.641).

Galton et al. (2011)

USA

RCT

PEDro=6

N=10

Population: TBl; Conivaptan (n=5): Mean Age=47.8 yr; Gender: Male=4, Female=1; Time Post Injury>24 hr; Mean GCS=4.4. Control (n=5): Mean Age=50.2 yr; Gender: Male=3, Female=2; Time Post Injury>24 hr; Mean GCS=5.0.

Intervention: Participants were randomized to receive a single 20 mg dose of conivaptan or standard acute care (control).

Outcome Measures: Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Serum Sodium.

Picetti et al. (2014)

Italy

Case Series

N=32

Population: TBI=10, SAH=18, ICH=2, Stroke=2; Mean Age=54.2 yr; Gender: Male=14, Female=18; Median GCS=8.

Intervention: Participants who received paracetamol were retrospectively analyzed.

Outcome Measures: Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Core Body Temperature (Tc), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP).

1.        There was a significant reduction in ICP at 2 hr after paracetamol infusion (p=0.0002).

2.        There were significant decreases in Tc (p=0.0001), MAP (p=0.0006), and CPP (p=0.0033) after paracetamol infusion.