Zollman et al. (2012)

USA

RCT

PEDro=5

N_Initial=24, N_Final=20

Population: TBI=20; Gender: Male=9, Female=11. Treatment Group (n=12): Mean Age=44.5yr; Mean Time Since Injury=2.17 yr. Control Group (n=8): Mean age=43.5yr; Mean Time Since Injury= 3yr.

Intervention: Patients in the treatment group received acupuncture (20 min sessions) and the control group received only instructions on good sleep habits. Participants wore an actigraph for 72hr before and after treatment.

Outcome Measure: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT).

1.        ISI scores did not differ significantly between groups at baseline (p=0.47), post treatment (p=0.14), or at 1mo follow-up (p=0.08).

2.        The treatment group showed a decrease in ISI scores from baseline to post treatment (p<0.01) and from baseline to 1mo follow-up (p<0.01); no significant differences were found in the control group.

3.        Depression was positively associated with ISI scores at baseline (p<0.01), but not post treatment (p=0.45).

4.        PASAT scores were positively associated with ISI at baseline (p=0.02) and follow-up (p=0.03).

5.        RBANS scores were not associated with sleep variables.