Author Year

Country

Research Design

PEDro

Sample Size

Methods

Outcomes

Twyman (1997)

USA

RCT

PEDro= 3

N=21

Population: Head injury; Mean Time Post-Injury<72 hr.

Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either tube feeding containing 1 g nitrogen/150 cal (control group; n=11) or 1 g nitrogen/90 cal (study group; n=10).

Outcome Measures: Nitrogen Balance, calorie intake.

1.       Patients receiving high-protein tube feeding attained a significantly greater daily (p=0.006) and cumulative (p=0.04) nitrogen balance despite higher nitrogen excretions, suggesting high nitrogen feedings are required to replace high nitrogen losses following injury.

2.        Both groups of patients received similar amounts of cal/kg