Table 5.5 Aspects Included in Various Bedside Screening/Assessment Tools for Dysphagia
| Author/Year | Components of Selected Dysphagia Screening/Assessment Tools | |
|
Westergren et al., (2001) (Screening for eating difficulties) |
· Ingestion: sitting position, manipulation of food on plate, transport of food to mouth | · Deglutition: opening or closing of mouth, manipulating food in the mouth |
| Perry (2001) (Screening) |
· Consciousness level · Trunk control while seated · Volitional cough · Control of saliva |
· Tongue control · Ease of breathing · Voice quality · Includes water-swallowing test |
| Mann et al., (2000) (Assessment) |
· General examination: Consciousness, cooperation, language function, verbal/oral praxis, articulation · Oral preparation: Control of saliva, lip seal, tongue movement/strength, oral preparation, assessment of respiration |
· Oral phase: Gag reflex, palatal movement, oral transit time, bolus clearance, water swallowing test · Pharyngeal phase: Pharyngeal control/pooling, laryngeal elevation, reflex/voluntary cough, voice quality |
| Daniels et al. (1997) (Screening) |
· Assessment of mandible, lips, tongue, velum · Gag Reflex · Cough or voice change with swallow · Facial numbness/tingling |
· Dysphonia · Dysarthria · Volitional cough · Includes water-swallowing test |
|
Smithard et al., (1996) (Screening) |
· Consciousness level · Head and trunk control · Breathing pattern · Lip closure · Palate movement |
· Laryngeal function · Gag reflex · Voluntary cough · Includes water-swallow test |
| DePippo et al., (1992) (The Burke Dysphagia Screening test) |
· Bilateral/brainstem stroke · History of pneumonia · Cough with feeding/3 oz. water |
· Failure to finish ½ of meals · Prolonged time required for feeding · Presently fed non-orally |