Table 7.1 Exercise Interventions for the Management of Fatigue Post ABI
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Author Year Country Study Design Sample Size |
Methods | Outcome |
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Kolakowsky-Hayner et al. (2017) USA RCT Crossover PEDro=4 Ninitial=128 Nfinal=62 |
Population: TBI; Mean age=42.7yr; Gender: Male=72 Female=56; Mean Time Post Injury=97.6mo. Intervention: The treatment group received a 12wk home-based walking program that included a pedometer to track daily number of steps and tapered coaching calls. Participants were encouraged to increase their steps by 5% each week until an overall step increase 40% above baseline was achieved. A 12wk nutritional counselling program and the same frequency of tapered coaching calls served as the control. Measurements were taken at baseline and week 12, 24, and 36. Outcome Measure: Global Fatigue Index (GFI), Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Fatigue Scale Overall Severity Score, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). |
1. Participants had significantly less fatigue (GFI) at the end of the walking intervention (p<0.001). 2. According to the BNI Fatigue Scale Total, participants had significantly less fatigue at the end of the walking intervention (p<0.003). 3. According to the BNI Overall Score, participants had significantly less fatigue at the end of the walking intervention (p<0.001) and after 36wk (p<0.001). The walking intervention in the nutritional first group did not have a significant effect on BNI Overall Score but had significantly reduced BNI Overall Scores by week 36. 4. According to the MFI, participants had significantly less fatigue at the end of the walking intervention (p<0.001) and after 36wk (p<0.05). However, MFI scores significantly increased following the end of the walking intervention. (p<0.05). |
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(2020) USA Pre-Post NInitial=13, NFinal=11 |
Population: TBI=13; Mean Age= 45.31±14.23yr; Gender: Male=8, Female=5; Median Time Post Injury=15.00yr (12.00, 20.00); Severity: Mean GCS=10.43±3.91. Intervention: Each subject participated in yoga-based physical therapy (YPT), conventional physical therapy (CPT), and seated rest (SR) on different days in a crossover design. Outcome measures were assessed immediately before and after each session. Sleep outcomes were measured at baseline and intervention days. Outcome Measures: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Global Fatigue Index (GFI), Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO), nightly sleep duration, average duration of awakening | 1. Significant improvements were observed in actigraphy sleep metrics in the SR group (WASO, p=.006) but not in YPT or CPT groups. 2. Significant improvements were observed in actigraphy sleep metrics (incidence rate ratio of WASO) for SR compared with CPT (p=.0218) and YPT (p=.0089), but not significantly different between CPT and YPT (p>.05). 3. No significant differences were found between treatment groups for anxiety (STAI, p>.05) or HRV (SDNN, p>.05). 4. No significant differences were observed for GFI (p>.05). |