Table 8.24 Effects of Pindolol on Agitation and Aggression Post ABI
Author Year Country Research Design PEDro Sample Size |
Methods | Outcome |
(1986) USA RCT PEDro=7 NInitial=11, NFinal=9 |
Population: ABI; Mean Age=52yr; Gender: Male=9, Female=0; Mean Time Post Injury=7.8yr. Intervention: Patients received pindolol (60-100 mg/day) or placebo for 10 days. Groups were then crossed over and received the alternate treatment for 10 days. Supplemental psychotropic medication was given as needed. Outcome Measure: Frequency of assaultive behaviour. |
1. Significant reduction of assaultive episodes, need for supplemental medication, and hostility were demonstrated during pindolol treatment (p<0.05). 2. Significant improvements in willingness to communicate and cooperate (p<0.025) and significant reduction of stereotyped behaviours (p<0.01) were demonstrated during pindolol treatment. |