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Table 8.27 General Behavioural Modification Interventions for the Treatment of Behavioral Disorders Post ABI

Author

Year

Country

Research Design

PEDro

Sample Size

Methods Outcome

Carnevale et al.

(2006)

USA

RCT

PEDro=5

N=37

Population: TBI=24, ABI=13; Mean Age=40.5yr; Gender: Male=28, Female=7; Mean Time Post Injury=7.6yr.

Intervention: Participants were randomized to a control group (n=12) that received no treatment, an education group (n=13) that received education only, and a Natural Setting Behaviour Management (NSBM) group (n=12) that received both education and an individualized behaviour modification program.

Outcome Measure: Neurobehavioural Functioning Inventory Revised (NFI-R).

1.         NSBM had more improvement in behaviour than the other two groups at 30wk (p<0.002).

2.         A significant difference was noted between the education group and the NSBM group (p<0.04).

Schlund & Pace

(1999)

USA

Pre-Post

N=3

Population: TBI; Mean Age=36yr; Gender: Male=3, Female=0; Mean Time Post Injury=5.7yr.

Intervention: Patients received behavioural modification using systematic feedback based on frequency of maladaptive behaviour.

Outcome Measure: Maladaptive behaviour.

1.        Variability and frequency of maladaptive behaviour generally decreased from baseline (2.0-5.1/wk) to completion (0.18-1.8/wk).

Eames & Wood

(1985)

UK

Pre-Post

N=24

Population: ABI=22, Stroke=1, Other=1; Mean Age=26.8yr; Gender: Male=18, Female=6; Mean GCS Score=7.8; Mean Time Post Injury=44.7mo.

Intervention: Patients were on a specialized TBI unit that used a wide range of physical, occupational, social, cognitive, and behavioural techniques based token economy.

Outcome Measure: Patient placement.

1.         More than 2/3 of patients had improved placements after treatment; only one person had a substantial improvement.

2.         Fewer than 1/3 of patients made no change, and no one was demoted to a worse setting.

PEDro=Physiotherapy Evidence Database rating scale (Moseley et al. 2002).