Table 8.3 Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for the Treatment of Depression Post ABI
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Author Year Country Research Design PEDro Sample Size |
Methods |
Outcomes |
|
Bedard et al. (2014) Canada RCT PEDro=6 N=76 |
Population: TBI; Gender: Male=42, Female=34; Mean Age=46.5yr; Mean Time Post Injury=4.25yr. Intervention: Participants were diagnosed with depression. The treatment group (n=38) received 1.5hr weekly sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for 10wk. The control group (n=38) received usual care. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 10wk, and 3mo follow-up. Outcome Measure: Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R). Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS), Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). | 1. The treatment group showed significantly greater reduction in BDI-II scores than the control group (p=0.029), which was maintained at the 3mo follow-up. 2. No significant between-group differences on PHQ-9 and SCL-90-R were found (p>0.05). 3. Neither PHLMS nor TMS reached significance in demonstrating increases in mindfulness for the treatment group (p>0.05). |
|
Combs et al. (2018) United States Pre-Post NInitial=29 NFinal=19 |
Population: TBI=15, ABI=4; Mean Age=32.8yr; Gender: Male=17, Female=2; Severity of Injury: Mild=3, Severe=12, ABI patients not specified. Intervention: Inpatients at a Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Program (PTRP) participated in mandatory mindfulness-based group interventions. Participants beliefs were evaluated with a questionnaire before starting and when leaving PTRP. Outcome Measures: Questionnaires about current pain, TBI symptoms, sleep, psychological function, and beliefs about mindfulness and yoga. Format based on Beliefs About Yoga Scale (BAYS) | 1. Participants generally perceived some benefit from attending the mindfulness-based group interventions. 2. The number of mindfulness-based group session showed significant positive correlations on participants self-reported beliefs about the benefits of mindfulness and yoga for overall health (p<0.001), mood (p<0.001), physical health (p<0.05), focus (p<0.05) and self-awareness (p<0.05). Self reported beliefs about sleep and cause of pain were not significantly correlated with number of sessions attended (p>0.05). 3. The only significant overall change from pre to post intervention beliefs was participants beliefs of the benefits mindfulness and yoga can have on sleep. All other beliefs were not significantly changed. |
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Bedard et al. (2012) Canada Pre-Post N=20 |
Population: TBI; Mean Age=47.1yr; Gender: Male=9, Female=11; Time Post Injury ≥1yr. Intervention: Participants with a diagnosis of depression received 90min sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction 1 day/wk for 8wk. Sessions included topics such as acceptance, staying in the present, and improving awareness of thoughts and feelings. Homework assignments were given after each session. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 8wk. Outcome Measure: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). | 1. After treatment, there were significant changes in scores on the BDI (p=0.001), PHQ-9 (p=0.003), and HADS-Depression (p=0.023). 2. There was no significant improvement on HADS-Anxiety after treatment (p=0.116). |
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Bedard et al. (2003) Canada Pre-Post N=13 |
Population: TBI; MBSR Group (n=10): Mean Age=43yr; Gender: Male=3, Female=7. Control Group (n=3): Mean Age=39yr; Gender: Male=3, Female=0. Intervention: Participants received 12 weekly group sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Dropouts served as controls. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 12wk. Outcome Measure: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). | 1. After treatment, the MBSR group showed significant improvements on BDI-II (p=0.006), GSI (p=0.004), PSDI (p=0.002), and PSS (p=0.026). 2. Compared to controls, the MBSR group showed no significant differences after treatment on BDI-II, GSI, PSDI, or PSS (p>0.05). 3. MBSR group showed significant improvements on SF-36 Mental Health over time (p=0.001) and compared to controls (p=0.036). |