Table 9.5 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Lesions Associated with TBI (Sirois, 2009)
Lesion | Causes of Injury | Location of Injury |
Primary Lesion (direct) | Acceleration-deceleration | Traumatic lesion of the stalk |
Anterior lobe necrosis | ||
Posterior lobe hemorrhage | ||
Basal skull fracture | Direct lesion to pituitary, stalk, or hypothalamus | |
Secondary lesion (non-direct) | Brain edema | |
Hypoxia | ||
Intracranial pressure | ||
Hemorrhage | ||
Inflammatory mediators |