Author Year

Country

Research Design

PEDro

Sample Size

Methods

Outcome

Annoni et al. (2017)

Belgium

Case Series

N=40

Population: ABI; Median Age=53 yr, Gender: Male=21, Female=19; Median GCS Score=9

Intervention: Records of patients who had ABI, received enteral urea because of hyponatremia, and had elevated ICP were reviewed.

Outcome Measures: Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Sodium (mEq/L).

1.        After the first urea dose (15 g), median ICP decreased from 14 mmHg to 11 mmHg (p<0.001).

2.        Sodium levels increased significantly over the study period from 133 mEq/L to 141 mEq/L (p<0.05).

3.        Body temperature, blood pressure and PaCO₂ all remained steady during the 12hr study period.