| Gurr and Coetzer (2005)
UK
Pre-Post
NInitial=41, NFinal=20
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Population: TBI; Mean Age=44.05yr; Gender: Male=28, Female=13; Mean Time Post Injury=78.7mo.
Intervention: The CBT program consisted of 3 weekly relaxation group sessions, which were followed by six 30min individual therapy sessions. Psychological intervention included: progressive muscle relaxation-combined with the use of imagery, psycho-education tailored to the individual, cognitive behavioural strategies, lifestyle management, and maintenance and relapse.
Outcome Measure: Structured Diagnostic Interview, Headache Disability Inventory, Headache Needs Assessment (HANA), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Chronic Pain Index (CPI). |
1. Twenty-four participants had tension-type headaches, 7 migraines, 4 had both of the previous types, 3 had tension-type and soft tissue/scar pain, and 3 had other types.
2. Headaches occurred a mean 14d per month and the mean length was 10.46hr.
3. Following the intervention, headache intensity (CPI) and frequency decreased significantly (p=0.004).
4. Headache disability, according to results on the HDI and HANA, were significantly reduced (p=0.001 and p=0.02 respectively).
5. According to the NHP, pain was reduced but this was not significant.
6. Emotional well-being as measured by the HDI-emotion and the NHP-emotion subscales was also significantly improved (p<0.05).
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