Table 8.5 Music Therapy for the Treatment of Depression Post ABI
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Author Year Country Research Design PEDro Sample Size |
Methods | Outcomes |
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Guetin et al. (2009) France Pre-Post N=13 |
Population: TBI; Mean Age=31yr; Gender: Male=3, Female=10; Mean Time Post Injury=8yr. Treatment: Participants received music therapy (1 hr/wk for 20wk). Each session was divided into two segments: receptive music therapy (e.g. listening) and active music therapy (e.g. playing an instrument). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 1wk, 5wk, 10wk, 15wk, and 20wk. Outcome Measure: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). | 1. Following each music therapy session, significant improvements in mood were noted on the HADS (p<0.05). 2. Anxiety scores significantly decreased from baseline to 10wk, 15wk, and 20wk (p<0.05). 3. Depression scores significantly decreased from baseline to 10wk and 15wk (p<0.05). |
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Thaut et al. (2009) USA PCT N=54 |
Population: TBI=24, Stroke=5, Other=4; Mean Age=31yr; Gender: Male=3, Female=10. Intervention: Participants were assigned to a treatment group (n=31) or a control group (n=23). The treatment group received four different sessions of neurologic music therapy (30 min) focused on emotional adjustment, executive function, attention, and memory. The control group were sent to a quiet room to rest for 30 min over four sessions. Outcome Measure: Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL), Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18). | 1. On the MAACL, Depression and Anxiety improved significantly in the treatment group (p<0.05) but did not change in the control group (p>0.05). 2. On the MAACL, Positive Affect did not change in the treatment group (p=0.039) but significantly worsened in the control group (p=0.04). 3. On the MAACL, Hostility significantly improved in the control group (p=0.02) but not the treatment group (p=0.06). 4. On the MAACL, Sensation Seeking significantly improved in the treatment group (p<0.01) and significantly worsened in the control group (p=0.04). 5. On the BSI-18, both groups showed significant improvement after four sessions (treatment group, p<0.01; control, p=0.010). |
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Nayak et al. (2000) USA N=18 |
Population: TBI and Stroke; Mean Age=59.89yr; Gender: Male=6, Female=12. Intervention: Participants were assigned to either a control group who received standard rehabilitation alone (n=8) or a treatment group (n=10) who received standard rehabilitation plus music therapy. The treatment group received music therapy 2-3 days/wk for up to 10 wk. Outcome Measure: Mood (Self-Report, Family-Rated, Staff-Rated), Social Interaction (Family-Rated), Participation (Staff-Rated). | 1. The treatment group was associated with greater improvements in mood according to self-report (p<0.10), family (p<0.10), and staff (p<0.10) than control. 2. The treatment group was more motivated to participate (p=0.06) and more involved in therapy (p<0.01) than the control. 3. The treatment group had higher levels of social interaction than the control (p<0.02). 4. There was a significant, positive correlation between social behaviour at baseline and benefit from the therapy (p<0.02). |