Schonberger et al. (2014)

Australia

Pre-Post

N=42

Population: TBI; Mean Age=32yr; Gender: Male=37, Female=5; Mean Time Post Injury=81d.

Intervention: Community Based Rehabilitation Program with a multi-disciplinary team (3-4×/wk).

Outcome Measure: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview (SADI), Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale-2 (SPRS) and Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory (RIDI).

1.       Based on RIDI, no significant differences between the start and end of therapy occurred.

2.        Good RIDI adjustment was predicted by a good functional status as rated by SPRS total and positive SADI score.

3.        RIDI adjustment was predicted by: SPRS- Therapist, SADI, and SPRS-Therapist interaction (p<0.05).

4.        There was a significant association between positive RIDI and low levels of self-reported depression on the HADS (p<0.001).

Ruff & Niemann (1990)

USA

RCT

PEDro=7

N=24

Population: TBI; Gender: Male=17, Female=7. Group 1 (n=12): Mean Age=28.3 yr; Mean Time Post Injury=44.3mo. Group 2 (n=12): Mean Age=31.1 yr; Mean Time Post Injury=52.2 mo.

Intervention: Group 1 participated in an intensive cognitive retraining program, which was comprised of 4 modules and ran for 12 wk. The control group participated in a day treatment rehabilitation program focused on psychosocial functioning and activities of daily living.

Outcome Measure: Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS).