Author Year

Country

Research Design

PEDro

Sample Size

Methods

Outcomes

Lee & Kim (2018)

South Korea

RCT

PEDro=8

N=13

Population: TBI; Male=9, Female=4. Experimental Group (n=7): Mean Age=42.42yr; Mean Time Post Injury= 3.85mo; Mean GCS=13.71. Control Group (n=6): Mean Age=41.33yr; Mean Time Post Injury= 3.88mo; Mean GCS=13.66.

Intervention: Participants received neurodevelopmental therapy for muscle strengthening/movement followed by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS; experimental group) or sham rTMS (control). Interventions were performed for 30min/d for 5d on, 2d rest, 5d on.

Outcome Measure: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MARDS); Trail Making Test (TMT); Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT)

1.       Between pre and post intervention, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in MARDS, TMT, and SCWT (p<0.05); no significant differences were shown in the control group.

2.       There was a significant between group difference found for all outcome measures favouring the experimental group.